Is Bipolar Disorder Curable - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2317 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/08/06 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Bipolar Disorder Essay Did you like this example? Definition of bipolar disorder What is Bipolar mania disorder Diagnosis of bipolar mania disorder Manic episodes Hypomania and the Symptoms Depressive Episode and symptoms Causes of bipolar disorder Genetical reasons Childhood/Stress Autobiography Manic: A memoir An unquiet mind Treatments What is DSM and DSM-5 Drugs and Medication Cognitive therapy Interpersonal therapy Social rhythm therapy Cannabis Use Possible Cure’s What is bipolar disorder? Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. [1]. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Is Bipolar Disorder Curable?" essay for you Create order Bipolar might be more common than one might thing, according to a study conducted by the National Institute of Mental Health bipolar disorder affects about 5.7 million American adults, or about 2.6% of the U.S. population 18 and older. [6] Some people think of bipolar disorder as mood swings, however an expert Matthew Rudford says that ‘The mood swings associated with bipolar disorder are very different than those of people without the condition’. Matthew focusses on what bipolar isn’t than what it is when relating mood swings and bipolar disorder. [6] There is no test to diagnose a patient with bipolar disorder. The symptoms exhibited by the patients is the only test which can prove whether or not the patient has the disorder. Hypomania One of the ends of the spectrum is mania. This elevated mood is called mania or hypomania. Depending on the severity and if psychosis is present as one of the patient’s symptoms. [1,2, pg. 154] The overall functioning of the patient can increase during this episode. Some people who show hypomania also show increased creativity and while others be irritable and demonstrate poor judgement [3]. Some people might feel uplifted, happy and enthused when in this phase. However, once their phase passes they might end up forgetting what they had done when in the pahse. Even when family and friends recognize mood swings, the individual will most likely to deny that anything is wrong. [4] This is called a hypomanic event, if not accompanied by depressive episodes, it is not deemed problematic, unless the mood changes are uncontrollable, or volatile.[3] There are quite a lot of symptoms which might suggest that a person is in a manic phase and might have bipolar mania disorder. [5] euphoric, elevated, expansive, or irritable mood with increased energy; racing thoughts; pressured speech (rapid, excessive, frenzied speaking); decreased need for sleep; grandiose ideas (for example, false/delusional beliefs of paranoia, superiority, or failure); tangential speech (repeatedly changing conversational topics to ones that are hardly related); restlessness/increased goal-directed activity; and Impulsivity, poor judgment, or engaging in risky activity (like spending sprees, promiscuity, or excess desire for sex). These being the most crucial and important ones. Identifying these in a person can assure one that he/she is having a manic episode. [5] Depression During periods of depression, there may be crying, a negative outlook on life, and poor eye contact with others. [1] The risk of suicide among those with the illness is high at greater than 6 percent over 20 years, while self-harm occurs in 30–40 percent. [1] Other mental health issues such as anxiety disorders and substance use disorder are associated with bipolar disorder. [1] Major depressive episodes can cause major difficulty in day to day life, such as work, school, social-activity, relationships etc. An episode might include five or more of these symptoms as mentioned below. [7] Depressed mood, such as feeling sad, empty, hopeless or tearful (in children and teens, depressed mood can appear as irritability) Marked loss of interest or feeling no pleasure in competing or activities Significant weight loss when not dieting, weight gain, or decrease or increase in appetite (in children, failure to gain weight as expected can be a sign of depression) being insomniac or sleeping too much feeling restlessness or slow behavior Fatigue or loss of energy Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt Decreased ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness Thinking about, planning or attempting suicide Some might say that the depressive episode is much worse than the manic episode. The symptoms displayed by the patients tend to be extremely damaging and negative to the self-esteem. Suicidal thoughts and catatonic behavior can be very damaging. Causes Explaining and going through some of the causes might explain how and why an individual can get bipolar disorder. While some researchers haven’t concluded the exact causes of bipolar disorder, they certainly have identified factors which are likely to increase the chance of getting this disorder. Genetic Factors Some studies have suggested that there may be a genetic component which may play a role in a person making him/her more prone to bipolar disorder. It is more likely to come about in a person who has a family member with the condition [10]. One the largest and most recent study at the GWAS failed to find any particular evidence to prove that one single gene is responsible for bipolar disorder in most cases. Some genes like BDNF, DRD4 were associated with bipolar disorder but after recent testing and meta-analysis, failed after correction for multiple testing [11]. However, 2 other genes were associated with bipolar disorder [12]. Biology might play a significant role in bipolar disorder, but it certainly isn’t the only factor which decided why one might have it. The brain structure and neurotransmitters play a large role in the cause of bipolar disorder. Research taken place over decades have made a link between neurotransmitters and mood disorder. Some studies suggest that a low or high level of a specific neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, serotonin or dopamine are involved. In short, all studies conducted by researchers are definite that neurotransmitter systems is the least part of bipolar disorder, however further research still has to be conducted to be certain of their role in the brain. [13] Episodes can easily set off by stressful events or circumstances. Even though the root of how stress occurs in one’s mind is not fully understood, experts and researchers still found an explanation. They believe that a stress hormone cortisol is released causing alteration to the functions and communications in the human body. In fact, people who have depression or bipolar disorder have high levels of cortisol in the brain even when stress isn’t present. Stress can be caused by multiple things like loss of job, loss of a spouse etc. It is not definite how stressful and even might be since everyone may not experience much stress. Many other environmental factors have been identified as a potential reason for the disorder. This includes, early childhood trauma, virus infections, cannabis use. Keeping this in mind, research has found that a stressful life can lead to an onset of symptoms in bipolar disorder. However, once this disorder is triggered it progresses and develo ps a â€Å"life of its own† and the psychological and/or biological factors take over and might keep the illness active. [13] How can we create a cure for a disorder we understand so little about. The causes are unknown there is no hard scientific evidence to prove that there is one or more reason which causes bipolar disorder. Treatments and Cures. Treatments are best guided and recommended by medical doctors who tend to specialize in diagnosing and treating mental health condition. These individuals tend to be skilled. A treatment team may be used. It compiles of psychologists, social workers and psychiatrics nurses. Drug’s and Medicines can be used to treat certain symptoms. Mood Stabilizers are used to control the manic or depressive episodes. These drugs keep your mood in check. Drugs like lithium (Lithobid), divalproex sodium (Depakote). The drugs can only control a certain part of the disorder and cannot cure it. Antidepressant are used to treat and manage the depressive episodes. However, antidepressant can sometimes trigger a manic episode. It is usually prescribed along with a mood stabilizer or antipsychotics. Consuming these drugs have side effects. often improve as you find the right medications and doses that work for you, and your body adjusts to the medications. If you stop your medication, you may experience withdrawal or even your treated symptoms may return and worsen. You may become in turn become very depressed, feel suicidal, or go into a manic or hypomanic episode. Psychotherapy is counseling or talk therapy which can provide precious time for an individual to learn and practice effective strategies for overcoming and coping with the disorder and learning how to manage with their episodes and symptoms. CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) can immensely help an individual and their challenges educating them on how to control their negative thinking pattern and behaviors. Family therapy can also be used as it will help family members learn to communicate effectively and calmly reduce overall tension and stress between the family and the victim. Psychotherapy will also provide valuable psychoeducation for developing self-care habits, building resilience and problem solving [14]. This will help the victim cope and understand their disorder better. Teaching him/her how to manage themselves and live a healthy and happy life even with the disorder. However, this treatment too cannot cure the patient in the long term. A social rhythm therapy is another method of controlling the disorder. This type of therapy helps the victim develop maintain and control a sleep schedule and have a more predictable daily routine. An article written by Rev. Marilyn Redmond who is a BA, CHT, IBRT is an award-winning international writer, syndicated columnist, consultant, counselor, and speaker who shares the dynamics of life. Marilyn is an ordained minister for spiritual counseling and does Past Life Regressions. According to Rev. Marilyn Redmond the medical society has come from a typical solution of medication, which is only drugs, which are ‘toxins and poison’. These have not helped solver the root cause of the problem but just masking the emotional causes since the ‘fact’ seems to be that bipolar disorder comes from a person not facing his/her own reality and fears. Actually, drugs stop the ability to grow emotionally surpassing the basis of past trauma. Encouraging the use of drugs can never resolve the issue. Rev. Marilyn Redmond also goes onto explain what bipolar truly is. These episodes are just a signal that you are maladjusted to life as well as running from reality while th inking irrationally. The ego’s fear tries to protect the threatening experiences. When one changes their thinking to being rational and stop reacting inappropriately to trauma than they might move towards reality. Russ Federman, Ph.D., A.B.P.P., is in private practice and specializes in psychotherapy with individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder. He is the coauthor of Facing Bipolar. Talked about Rev. Marilyn Redmond and her â€Å"Black and white thinking† towards the serious issue of bipolar disorder. He says that articles and psychologists like this end up causing more harm than good. Russ Federman states that Marilyn’s ideology on how the bipolar mind functions is poor. Marilyn conveying ideas through statements like â€Å"The medical society comes from a typical solution of medication which are drugs†¦ Bipolar disorder comes from a person’s reality and their fears†¦ Drugs stop the ability to grow emotionally beyond the basis of past trauma†¦ The manic and depressive episodes are just a signal that you are maladjusted to life and running from reality.† These efforts to bring about hope that cure is within reach is potentially guild-inducing for those individuals with bipolar disorder who experience the prospect of cure as being beyond their reach. From the authors perspective, that those who are taking medications are wrong and are in a pure attempt to hide their self’s behind â€Å"drugs and toxins†. However even Russ Federman agrees that unresolved personal issues can contribute to bipolar symptoms. Nevertheless, Marilyn’s approach to curing bipolar disorder is extremely unsafe and dangerous. Since it does not use drugs or other scientific methods to treat bipolar disorder. After studying and reading multiple researches and articles written by experts I have concluded that as of early 2019 there is no cure for bipolar disorder. This life altering mental disorder can be very threatening and confusing to the victim and those around. This disorder has multiple safe and tested treatments which teach and educate the victim of this disorder and how he/she can treat it to an extent where it just becomes a habit and a part of their life. Visiting the doctor and taking the required medication, changing and having a strict diet along with supplements, dealing with sleep problems and requesting support when needed is important. The victim has the potential to etch a healthy lifestyle into their lives. If this is successful than bipolar will not interrupt their life significantly since managing the issues will be easier and they will arise and regain a meaningful, purposeful life. Research shows that this is something the majority of people, even those with bipolar disorder can achieve. References: [1] Anderson IM. Bipolar disorder(Clinical Research) Haddad PM, Scott J, 2012. Print [2] American Psychiatry Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013. Print [3] Bowins B (2007). Cognitive regulatory control therapies. Am J Psychother. 67 (3): 215–36. [4]â€Å"Bipolar II disorder Symptoms and Signs†. Web M.D. Archived from the original on December 9, 2010. Retrieved December 6, 2010. [5]www.medicinenet.com/mania_vs_hypomania/article.htm#what_are_the_signs_and_symptoms_of_mania_and_hypomania [6]Matthew Rudford MD. https://www.webmd.com/bipolar-disorder/features/8-myths-about-bipolar-disorder#1 [7] https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20355955 [8] Rev. Marilyn Redmond https://www.groundreport.com/change-bipolar-disorder-by-changing-your-mindset/ [9] Russ Federman https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/bipolar-you/201206/can-bipolar-disorder-be-cured [10]Barnett JH, Smoller JW (November 2009). The genetics of bipolar disorder. Neuroscience. 164 (1): 331–43. [11] Seifuddin F, Mahon PB, Judy J, Pirooznia M, Jancic D, Taylor J, Goes FS, Potash JB, Zandi PP (July 2012). Meta-analysis of genetic association studies on bipolar disorder. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics [12] Craddock N, Sklar P (May 2013). Genetics of bipolar disorder. Lancet. 381 (9878): 1654–62. [13]https://www.verywellmind.com/what-causes-bipolar-disorder-378711 [14] https://www.psycom.net/bipolar-disorder-treatment

Analysis Of The Book The Night Of The Missouri River

From a hill above the eastern bank of the Missouri River, Jake peered across the busy streets of St. Joseph. â€Å"There must be a house and a storefront on every hill. Duvall could use any of those for a hideout.† He let out an exasperated breath before settling back in the saddle. Kat pulled her hat further down her forehead. â€Å"You’ll find him.† â€Å"Confident in getting the reward, are you?† Quick sarcasm sharpened his voice. He wouldn’t apologize for it. In the past three days, she’d perplexed and annoyed him by stirring up debates over politics and the war, most of which ended in angry silence. Every time she looked behind them, he suspected she watched for Emmett. She refused to talk about the man, and in that regard, Jake showed some patience. He’d become accustom to her habits, but he knew her alliance meant nothing. She was there for one reason—the reward. Now that they were in St. Joseph, he’d find a nice hotel and be rid of her. â€Å"You have no right to . . .† A locamotive drowned out the rest of her words as it pulled away from the Hannibal and St. Joseph train depot. When the noise dissipated, he said, â€Å"We should find a place to stay.† For once, Kat consented without a fuss. They rode past several suitable hotels before he pointed to an impressive four-story building. â€Å"This will do.† They dismounted and tied the horses to the hitching post. Kat swatted at her pants, attracting attention from a family walking along the sidewalk. â€Å"I don’t know, Jake, this place looks prettyShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures Of Tom Sawyer . __________________. A Book1061 Words   |  5 PagesTHE ADVENTURES OF TOM SAWYER __________________ A Book Review Presented to Mr. Parsons and Mrs. Amy Lack Woodville High School __________________ U.S. History I and English 10 __________________ by Arian Campbell April 19, 2017 The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain is a 271-page novel. Tom is a boy, and merely and exactly an ordinary boy on the moral side. What makes him delightful to the reader is that on the imaginative side he is very much more, andRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Literary Analysis1888 Words   |  8 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Literary Analysis The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain has been banned from many schools and public libraries due to the use of racial slurs. Although these slurs are frowned upon now, they were a normal part of the society shaped Huckleberry (Huck) Finns life. The world Huck Finn grew up in is before the abolition of slavery. This is when the states is begun to separate, but the civil war is not yet stirring. Huckleberry’s life was influenced by hisRead MoreJames Mecer Langston Hughes: Literary Genius1763 Words   |  8 PagesLiterary Genius James Mercer Langston Hughes was born February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. James Hughes and Carrie Langston are Hughes’ parents. They later divorced when Hughes was young. After his parents divorced he went to live with his grandmother until he turned thirteen years old. At thirteen years old he moved to Lincoln, Illinois. After living in Illinois he later moved to Cleveland, Ohio to live with his mother. When he moved to Cleveland he started writing poetry (â€Å"James Mercer†¦Ã¢â‚¬  parRead MoreAnalysis Of Adam Rothman s From The State Essay1857 Words   |  8 Pagesfirst book, from the state, provides three narratives about how the South Hinterland-related narrative - Alabama, Louisiana and Mississippi - grow into a growing society. Rusman knits together an urgent need for political, economic, social, military history, building this often overlooked area to begin. This task was an ambitious first book, and Rothman, in general, proved himself to be writing this hi storical task. A review of his methodology shows the time and energy of entering this book. TheRead MoreMark Twain3000 Words   |  12 PagesAdventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885). Mark Twain combined an amazing humorist, great journalist, outstanding lecturer and incredible novelist in one person. Even another famous writer, Ernest Hemingway, wrote that â€Å"All American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn†.(Quirk) According to this it is quite obvious that his contemporaries, such as Hemingway, respected and appreciated Twain because his works were so unique and different from what writers of his time period wereRead MoreThe American Civil War : The United States8725 Words   |  35 Pagesborder states and in Southern cities, but was expanding in the highly profitable cotton districts of the south and southwest. Despite compromises in 1820 and 1850, the slavery issues exploded in the 1850s. Causes include controversy over admitting Missouri as a slave state in 1820, the acquisition of Texas as a slave state in 1845 and the status of slavery in western territories won as a result of the Mexican–American War and the resulting Compromise of 1850. Following the U.S. victory over MexicoRead MoreThe Fluidity of the American Civil War6740 Words   |  27 PagesNational Banking Act and the authorization of United States Notes by the Legal Tender Act of 1862. The Revenue Act of 1861 introduced the income tax to help finance the war. In December 1860 the Crittenden Compromise was proposed to re-establish the Missouri Compromise line by constitutionally banning slavery in territories to the north of the line while guaranteeing it to the south. The adoption of this compromise likely would have prevented the secession of every southern state apart from South CarolinaRead MoreThe American Civil War : The United States6683 Words   |  27 Pagessecession and joined the Confederacy: Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina and Tennessee. The northwestern portion of Virginia subsequently seceded from Virginia, joining the Union as the new state of West Virginia on June 20, 1863. By the end of 1861, Missouri and Kentucky were effectively under Union control, with Confederate state governments in exile. Among the ordinances of secession passed by the individual states, those of three – Texas, Alabama, and Virginia – specifically mentioned the plight ofRead More Mark Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - Escape From an Oppressive Society6239 Words   |  25 Pagesbirth name, led a life that had a great influence on the works that he produced later in his life. Born in Florida, Missouri, Clemens childhood was filled with adventures much like those found in both The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Following his childhood experiences, Clemens worked on steamboats on the Mississippi River up until the river was closed during the Civil War. The war opened his eyes to the issue of slavery, which shows up in many of his worksRead MoreEssay Biography of T.S. Eliot4139 Words   |  17 PagesIt was once said, â€Å"How unpleasant to meet Mr. Eliot.† (Time 1) His rather cynical view of man’s accomplishments leads one to regard him as a pessimist who prophesies nothing but doom for mankind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thomas Stearns Eliot was born in St. Louis, Missouri in 1888. As a youngster, Thomas received the best education from schools in the United States and Europe. He went to Harvard at age 18, then on to Germany, the Sorbonne in France, and Oxford in England to study literature. In 1914 he met the entrepreneur

Core Value of Coca-Cola Free Essays

Core values and beliefs: Coca-Cola has the most valuable brand name in the world, and as one of the most visible companies worldwide. The culture of it is defined by the seven core values: leadership, the courage to shape a better future; passion, Committed in heart and mind; Leverage collective genius; integrity, be real; collaboration, diversity, as inclusive as our brands; quality, what we do, we do well; and accountability. The central promise is to refresh the world in mind, body, and spirit, and inspire moments of optimism; to create value and make a difference in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Core Value of Coca-Cola or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a global business, our ability to understand, embrace and operate in a multicultural world — both in the marketplace and in the workplace is critical to our sustainability. Their diversity workplace strategy includes programs to attract, retain, and develop diverse talent; provide support systems for groups with diverse backgrounds; and educate all associates so that we master the skills to achieve sustainable growth. Their diversity workplace strategy includes programs to attract, retain, and develop diverse talent; provide support systems for groups with diverse backgrounds; and educate all associates so that we master the skills to achieve sustainable growth. Rules of behavior: The vision serves as the framework guide every aspect of the company business by describing what the employees need to accomplish in order to continue achieving sustainable, quality growth from the following five aspects: people, Be a great place to work where people are inspired to be the best they can be; portfolio, Bring to the world a portfolio of quality beverage brands that anticipate and satisfy people’s desires and needs. Partners: Nurture a winning network of customers and suppliers, together we create mutual, enduring value; planet, be a responsible citizen that makes a difference by helping build and support sustainable communities; profit, Maximize long-term return to shareowners while being mindful of our overall responsibilities; and productivity, Be a highly effective, lean and fast-moving organization. In the world of international trade, products also carry cultural values and many of these products remain as commodities but others emerge as cultural icons. How do certain products take on a special symbolic status and are idealized in a culture? The answer to this question is a rather complex one. It has to do with how cultural artifacts are embedded into the cultural space of the past. Language used: Coca Cola has been sold in more than two hundred countries under their local languages. But the official language of coca cola is English. In the language they have already used in the local language because that’s another marketing strategy to appeal to the local customers. Relationship with employees: Respecting human rights and protecting workplace rights is fundamental to its culture and imperative for a sustainable business. An essential ingredient in every one of the products is profound commitment to human rights and workplace rights. Its human rights statement is guided by the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights, the ILO declaration on fundamental principles and rights at work and related international covenants. Every worker has a fundamental right to a safe and healthy workplace. Providing a safe and healthy working environment for all of our people is a core element of our Workplace Rights Policy and fundamental to the success of our business. In recent years, they have more clearly defined what we stand for with respect to human and workplace rights. They have also begun the complex work of ensuring that their entire business system and supply chain align with our policies. They expect their company, their bottling partners and their suppliers to avoid causing, or contributing to, adverse human rights impacts as a result of business actions and to address such impacts when they occur. Important symbols and artifacts: The distinctive symbol is recognized the world over on Coca-Cola adverts, bottles and cans – but it has also undergone a few changes over the last century and a quarter. In the world of international trade, products also carry cultural values and many of these products remain as commodities but others emerge as cultural icons. How do certain products take on a special symbolic status and are idealized in a culture? The answer to this question is a rather complex one. It has to do with how cultural artifacts are embedded into the cultural space of the past. In the world of international trade, products also carry cultural values and many of these products remain as commodities but others emerge as cultural icons. How do certain products take on a special symbolic status and are idealized in a culture? The answer to this question is a rather complex one. It has to do with how cultural artifacts are embedded into the cultural space of the past. Appropriateness and the relevance to organizational history and the culture: As a global business, our ability to understand, embrace and operate in a multicultural world — both in the marketplace and in he workplace is critical to our sustainability. Their diversity workplace strategy includes programs to attract, retain, and develop diverse talent; provide support systems for groups with diverse backgrounds; and educate all associates so that we master the skills to achieve sustainable growth. Our diversity workplace strategy includes programs to attract, retain, and develop diverse talent ; provide support systems for groups with diverse backgrounds; and educate all associates so that we master the skills to achieve sustainable growth. How to cite Core Value of Coca-Cola, Papers

Principle Discussed Completely Overruled - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Principle Discussed Completely Overruled? Answer Introducation The identification doctrine helps us to recognize and point any frauds or wrongs that are done by a member, officer or Agent of the said organization by laying down principles that would make the task handier. By what is discussed above, it can be concluded that the ideas and minds responsible for the working of an organization are the brain of the entity in legal terms, hence, the doctrine is a theory used to administer the wit and the will of an organization. It was in the famed Lennard's Carrying Co Ltd v Asiatic Petroleum Co Ltd [1915] AC 705 case that the doctrine was formulated. It was stated in the court of law that liability can only be inflicted if any entity from the organisation is involved, when it was questioned if a ship was liable for the loss of goods if directed on a wrong course. Daimler Co Ltd v Continental Tyre and Rubber Co (Great Britain) Ltd [1916] 2 AC 307 was a case in which it was very clearly stated by the jury that the companys residence can be considered as a place where the minds that work together to administer the company reside in. El Ajou v Dollar Land Holdings plc [1993] EWCA Civ 4 case became a turning point as it re-shaped the idea of the doctrine. It was ruled that all people can take command as the brain and the administrator of a company, hence, the principle that was discussed above was completely overruled. Before we discuss the case of Salomon v A Salomon Co Ltd [1896] UKHL It can be said that the stockholders are inclined to follow a doctrine that induces them either to lift the veil in question or simply to pierce the said corporate veil. It is known that a financial institute or a company is an unrelated and a unique legal entity, not bound by the identities of any other of its members. Something similar can be said for its losses and liabilities, for it is known that the company is a separate legal entity so all the losses and liabilities that are inflicted upon it are subjected to the organization only, not on its members. Hence getting into the above case, the foundations of the company was based on a fraud. If a company is formed properly, it is bound to be a totally separate legal entity no matter what; hence the court has the choices to lift or to pierce, convicting the members of breach of law, though it is quite rare for companies to apply for such conditions in many countr ies of the world. In the Adams v Cape Industries plc [1990] Ch 433 case, the court ruled that piercing will only be done when the roots of the company are based on a fraud or if a member applies for an exit. There was a debate on this very topic in the of Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd [2013] UKSC 34 case and the same opinion was held up by the court. References Adams v Cape Industries plc [1990] Ch 433 Daimler Co Ltd v Continental Tyre and Rubber Co (Great Britain) Ltd [1916] 2 AC 307 El Ajou v Dollar Land Holdings plc [1993] EWCA Civ 4 Lennard's Carrying Co Ltd v Asiatic Petroleum Co Ltd [1915] AC 705 Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd [2013] UKSC 34 Salomon v A Salomon Co Ltd [1896] UKHL